Agricultural Science Curriculum for JAMB Examination

January 14, 2024 Sir Stone Jamb news 0

The objective of the 2024 Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) Agriculture syllabus is to adequately prepare candidates for the examination conducted by the Board. The syllabus aims to assess candidates’ proficiency in meeting the course objectives, which include:

  1. Fostering and maintaining candidates’ interest in Agriculture.
  2. Equipping candidates with fundamental knowledge and practical skills in Agriculture.
  3. Instilling knowledge of data interpretation and utilization.
  4. Enhancing candidates’ deductive abilities through the application of acquired Agricultural knowledge.

The syllabus is organized into five distinct sections:

A. General Agriculture B. Agronomy C. Animal Production D. Agricultural Economics and Extension E. Agricultural Technology

Section A: General Agriculture

  1. Meaning and Scope of Agriculture
    • Topics: Definition of Agriculture, Branches of Agriculture, Types of Agriculture (subsistence and commercial)
    • Objectives:
      • Utilize the modern definition of Agriculture in relation to production, processing, and marketing.
      • Differentiate between various branches and types of Agriculture.
  2. Importance of Agriculture
    • Topics: Provision of raw materials for agro-allied industries, Provision of employment, Development of rural areas, etc.
    • Objectives:
      • Relate agro-allied industries to their respective raw materials.
      • Correlate the contributions of Agriculture to economic development in West Africa.
  3. Agricultural Ecology
    • Topics: Ecological zones of West Africa, Agricultural products of each ecological zone, Environmental factors and their effects on crop and livestock production.
    • Objectives:
      • Differentiate features of ecological zones in West Africa.
      • Classify agricultural products based on each ecological zone.
      • Differentiate abiotic from biotic factors affecting agricultural production.
  4. Genetics
    • Topics: First and second laws of Mendel, Cell division, Terminologies (e.g., locus, alleles, genotype, dominance)
    • Objectives:
      • Apply the first and second laws of Mendel to genetics.
      • Differentiate between types of cell division.
      • Determine outcomes of genetic crossings involving homozygous and heterozygous traits.
      • Compute simple probability ratios.
  5. Farm Inputs
    • Topics: Planting materials, Agrochemicals, etc.
    • Objectives:
      • Classify different types of farm inputs and understand their uses.
  1. History of Agricultural Development in West Africa
    • Topics:
      • Agricultural systems (e.g., shifting cultivation, bush fallowing, etc.)
      • Problems of Agricultural development (e.g., land tenure systems, inadequate infrastructures, finance for agriculture, pollution, etc.)
      • Establishment of national and international research institutes (e.g., NCRI, IAR, IAR&T, CRIN, NIFOR, FRIN, RRI, NRCRI, NIHORT, LCRI, IITA, ILRI, ICRISAT, WARDA, etc.), leading to increased application of science in agriculture.
      • Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs) (e.g., RTEP, FADAMA, etc.)
      • National agricultural programmes (e.g., OFN, NAFPP, NALDA, Green Revolution, NCRPs, NARP, Project Coordinating Unit – PCU, etc.)
    • Objectives:
      • Compare various agricultural systems.
      • Identify problems and provide solutions.
      • Trace the history of research institutes from past to present and assess their role in agricultural development.
      • Explain the reasons for the establishment of ADPs.
      • Evaluate the contributions of national agricultural programmes.
  2. Roles of Government and NGOs in Agricultural Development
    • Topics:
      • Development of fiscal policies favorable to agricultural production (e.g., import duties, ban on importation, etc.)
      • Agricultural laws and reforms (e.g., Land Use Act.)
      • Government programmes aimed at agricultural development (e.g., subsidies, credit facilities, etc.)
      • Provision of infrastructures (e.g., transport systems, communication systems, etc.)
      • Contribution of NGOs to agricultural development.
    • Objectives:
      • Evaluate the effects of government policies on agricultural development.
      • Identify agricultural laws and their impact on agricultural production.
      • Identify various agricultural incentives provided by the government and assess their effects on agricultural development.
      • Compare various infrastructural facilities provided by the government and their uses.
      • Examine the roles of NGOs in the development of agriculture.

SECTION B: Agronomy

  1. Rocks and Soil Formation
    • Topics:
      • Factors affecting rock weathering and soil formation.
      • Physical properties of soil (soil profile, soil texture, and structure).
      • Chemical properties of soil (soil acidity and alkalinity, chemical components of soil, e.g., silicate).
    • Objectives:
      • Identify major types and properties of rocks and soils.
      • Understand factors and processes of soil formation.
      • b. Soil Profile and Components
        • Differentiate between the horizons in a soil profile.
        • Differentiate between the components of soil.
        • Compute the proportion of soil constituents.
        • Analyze soil into its constituent parts.
        • Determine the water-holding capacity of soil.
        • c. Soil pH Determination
          • Determine the soil pH.

2. Soil Water and Soil Conservation

  • a. Soil Water:
    • Importance, sources, movement, management, and conservation.
  • b. Soil Conservation:
    • Meaning and importance, causes, effects, prevention, and control of leaching, erosion, continuous cropping, burning, and oxidation of organic matter.
  • c. Irrigation and Drainage Methods
  • Objectives:
    • Compare capillary, gravitational, and hygroscopic water.
    • Determine water-holding capacity, wilting points, and plant available/unavailable water.
    • Identify causes of erosion and leaching.
    • Determine control methods.
    • Classify irrigation and drainage systems.
    • Examine the importance and challenges of irrigation and drainage.

3. Soil Fertility

  • a. Macro and Micro-nutrients and their Roles:
    • Carbon, water, and nitrogen cycles.
  • b. Living Population of the Soil:
    • Flora and fauna, and their roles in soil fertility.
  • c. Maintenance of Soil Fertility:
    • Methods such as the use of cover crops, application of organic manures, etc.
  • d. Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms:
    • Chlorosis, sickle leaves, stunting, apical necrosis, etc.
  • Objectives:
    • Classify plant nutrients.
    • Identify factors affecting their availability.
    • Examine the roles of soil flora and fauna in maintaining soil fertility.
    • Compare different methods of maintaining soil fertility.
    • Differentiate between organic and inorganic fertilizer and their methods of application.
    • Determine common fertilizer ratios.
    • Identify deficiency symptoms and their causes.
    • Suggest remedies.

4. Land Preparation and Soil Tillage

  • a. Principles and Practices:
    • Land preparation and soil tillage.
  • b. Factors Affecting Choice of Tillage Methods:
    • Zero tillage, minimum tillage, etc.
  • Objectives:
    • Compare different methods of land preparation and soil tillage in relation to different groups of crops.
    • Explain the advantages and disadvantages of land preparation and soil tillage.
    • Provide reasons for the choice of tillage methods.

5. Plant Forms and Functions

  • a. Parts of Monocot and Dicot Crop Plants:
    • Identification and functions.
  • b. Anatomy and Morphology:
    • Storage organs of common crop plants.
  • Objectives:
    • Identify crop plant parts and their functions.
    • Distinguish between monocot and dicot crop plants.
    • Differentiate various storage organs of crop plants.

6. Growth, Development, and Reproduction

  • a. Gametogenesis
  • b. Pollination
  • c. Fertilization
  • d. Embryo Formation and Development
  • Objectives:
    • Examine the process of gamete formation.
    • Explain different types of pollination.
    • Analyze the process of fertilization.
    • Trace the process of embryo formation and development leading to the formation of seeds and fruits.

7. Plant Propagation Methods

  • Topics:
    • a. Sexual: the use of seeds, seed viability, viability test, seed rate, and seed germination.
    • b. Asexual (vegetative propagation) e.g. cutting, budding, grafting, layering, etc.
    • c. Nursery and nursery management.
  • Objectives:
    • a. i. Classify crops propagated by sexual methods.
    • ii. Determine seed viability and seed rate.
    • iii. Differentiate between types of seed germination.
    • iv. Examine the conditions for seed germination.
    • b. Classify crops into different vegetative propagation methods.
    • c. i. Determine appropriate nursery sites, types; their advantages and disadvantages.
    • ii. Apply the techniques of transplanting seedlings.

8. Cropping Systems, Planting Patterns, and Plant Densities

  • Topics:
    • a. Cropping systems: Monocropping, mixed-, multiple-, inter-, relay-, strip-, and rotational cropping.
    • b. Planting patterns: Broadcasting, row spacing, and drilling.
    • c. Plant densities: single, double, and multiple stands.
  • Objectives:
    • a. i. Compare cropping systems.
    • ii. Apply different cropping systems to solve problems in agriculture.
    • b. Differentiate between the various planting patterns.
    • c. i. Examine the various types of plant densities and their effects on crop yield.
    • ii. Compute plant density per hectare using the formula:

9. Crop Husbandry

  • Objectives:
    • i. Apply different methods of crop propagation, husbandry, harvesting, processing, and storage for each crop.
    • ii. Identify common diseases and pests and their effects on crop yield.
    • iii. Determine the economic importance of each crop group.
    • iv. Relate the importance of these crops to national economic development.
  • Groups of Crops:
    • Group 1: Cereals (e.g., maize, guinea corn, rice)
    • Group 2: Legumes (e.g., cowpea, groundnut, soybean)
    • Group 3: Tubers (e.g., yam, cassava, sweet potatoes)
    • Group 4: Vegetables and Spices (e.g., tomatoes, eggplant, pepper, onion, okro, cabbage, amaranthus sp.)
    • Group 5: Fruits (e.g., citrus, pineapple, pawpaw)
    • Group 6: Beverages (e.g., cocoa, kola, coffee)
    • Group 7: Oils (e.g., oil palm, coconut, shea butter)
    • Group 8: Latex (e.g., para rubber, gum arabic)
    • Group 9: Fibres (e.g., jute, cotton, sisal hemp)
    • Group 10: Sugars (e.g., sugarcane, beet)

10. Pasture and Forage Crops

  • i. Gross Morphology, Propagation, Husbandry, Harvesting, Processing, and Storage:
    • Study of common pasture grasses and legumes, including their methods of propagation, husbandry practices, harvesting techniques, and methods of processing and storage for each crop.
  • ii. Identification of Diseases and Pests:
    • Identify common diseases and pests affecting pasture and forage crops, along with understanding their effects on crop yield.
  • iii. Economic Importance:
    • Determine the economic importance of each pasture and forage crop, considering factors such as market demand, nutritional value, and industrial applications.
  • iv. Contribution to National Economic Development:
    • Relate the importance of pasture and forage crops to national economic development, considering their role in livestock production, food security, and potential revenue generation.
  • Topics:
    • Study of gross morphology, methods of propagation, and husbandry of common pasture grasses and legumes.
    • Establishment, maintenance, conservation, and uses of pastures and forage crops.
    • Study of natural grasslands and their distribution in West Africa.
    • Range management.

11. Floriculture

  • Topics:
    • Identification, establishment, maintenance, and uses of ornamental trees, shrubs, and flowers.
  • Objectives:
    • i. Distinguish between common ornamental trees, shrubs, and flowers.
    • ii. Determine their uses and maintenance.

12. Weeds

  • Topics:
    • Gross morphology, methods of reproduction, dispersal, and effect of weeds.
    • Weed control methods – weeding, mulching, cover cropping, tillage, herbicides, and trap cropping.
  • Objectives:
    • i. Identify weeds with their common and scientific names.
    • ii. Classify weeds according to their mode of dispersal.
    • iii. Apply various weed control methods.

13. Crop Diseases

  • Topics:
    • Identification of disease-causing organisms both in store and in the field.
    • A simple account of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses; the nature of the damage, methods of transmission, and common methods of control.
    • Side effects of application of preventive and control methods e.g pollution, poisoning, and distribution of the ecosystem.
  • Objectives:
    • a. Distinguish between common store and field disease-causing organisms.
      • i. Relate various disease-causing organisms to the damage caused, symptoms, and their mode of spread.
      • ii. Apply appropriate control methods.
    • b. Relate each control method to its side effect.

14. Crop Pests

  • Topics:
    • General account of pests of agricultural plants both in the field and in the store, their types, importance, principles, and methods of prevention and control.
    • Life cycles of: biting insects e.g., grasshopper; boring insects e.g., weevils; sucking insects e.g., aphids and cotton strainer.
    • Common pesticides and their side effects.
  • Objectives:
    • a. i. Identify the various field and store pests.
      • ii. Assess their economic importance.
      • iii. Relate various prevention and control methods to different pests.
    • b. i. Describe the life cycles of various insects.
      • ii. Apply the knowledge of the life cycles of insect pests to their prevention and control.
    • c. i. Differentiate between common pesticides.
      • ii. Examine their mode of action on pests.

15. Forest Management (Silviculture)

  • Topics:
    • Importance: Source of wood, pulp, fiber, and other forest products.
    • Conservation: Regulation, exploitation, regeneration, afforestation, agro-forestry, and taungya system.
  • Objectives:
    • a. Relate various forest products to their uses.
      • i. Compare different forest conservation methods.
      • ii. Apply the various methods appropriately.

16. Crop Improvement

  • Topics:
    • Methods of crop improvement e.g. introduction, selection, crossing, quarantine, etc.
  • Objectives:
    • i. Give reasons for crop improvement.
      • ii. Distinguish between various methods of crop improvement.

SECTION C: Animal Production

1. Forms and Classification of Major Farm Animals in West Africa

  • Topics:
    • Species, breeds, and distribution of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits, and poultry.
    • External features of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits, and poultry.
  • Objectives:
    • i. Classify various breeds of farm animals.
      • ii. Locate where they are found.
      • iii. Identify their characteristic features.

2. General Terminology in Animal Production

  • Topics:
    • Common terms used in animal husbandry, e.g., calving, kidding, castrate, capon, veal, mutton, etc.
  • Objectives:
    • i. Use various terms in animal husbandry.

3. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals

  • Topics:
    • Functions of tissues and organs of farm animals.
    • Animal body systems e.g., digestive (ruminants and non-ruminants), reproductive, respiratory, urinary (excretory), and nervous systems.
    • Effect of environmental changes on physiological development of farm animals e.g., climate change.
  • Objectives:
    • Distinguish between various functions of tissues and organs of farm animals.
      • Compare different body systems in farm animals.
      • Determine the effects of climate change on farm animals.

4. Reproduction in Farm Animals

  • Topics:
    • Gametogenesis, estrus cycle, signs of heat and heat periods, secondary sexual characters, gestation periods, parturition, and the role of hormones in reproduction.
    • Development, nourishment, and birth of the young. Mammary glands and lactation in farm animals.
    • Egg formation, incubation, and hatching in poultry.
  • Objectives:
    • Give an account of the process of reproduction in farm animals.
      • Determine the role of hormones in reproduction.
      • Trace the development in farm animals from fertilization to birth and care of the young.
      • Trace the process of egg formation and incubation in poultry.

5. Animal Nutrition

  • Topics:
    • Feed nutrients and functions.
    • Feeds and feeding: Simple ration formulation – balanced ration, common pasture/forage crops e.g., guinea grass, elephant grass, giant star grass, Andropogon sp, Calopogonium sp. Hay and silage preparation, different types of rations, namely maintenance ration and production ration.
    • Nutrient deficiencies: Causes and symptoms of malnutrition and their correction in farm animals.

Objectives:

6. Livestock Management

  • Topics:
    • Housing, feeding, sanitation, and veterinary care of ruminants, pigs, rabbits, and poultry under intensive, semi-intensive, and extensive systems of management from birth to slaughter.
  • Objectives:
    • Candidates should be able to apply different management practices for farm animals.

7. Animal Health

  • Topics:
    • a. Animal diseases (pathology)
      • Environmental factors, predisposing animals to diseases; causal organisms, symptoms, transmission, and effects.
      • Preventive and curative methods for diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.
    • b. Parasites (parasitology)
      • Life cycles and economic importance of livestock parasites e.g. endoparasites, ectoparasites, and disease vectors.
      • Prevention and control:
        • Dipping
        • Spraying
        • Deworming
        • Sanitation
  • Objectives:
    • Candidates should be able to identify diseases of farm animals and causative agents.
      • Classify livestock diseases based on symptoms and mode of transmission.
      • Apply appropriate preventive and curative measures against diseases caused by these pathogens.
      • Classify livestock parasites.
      • Determine their role in disease transmission.
      • Trace life cycles of parasites from egg to adult stage.
      • Apply appropriate prevention and control methods against livestock parasites.

8. Fisheries and Wildlife

  • Topics:
    • a. Fish culture systems; Common types of fishes e.g., Tilapia, Catfish, etc.
      • Extensive systems: inland and deep-sea fishing, lakes, and rivers.
      • Semi-intensive systems: dams
      • Intensive systems: fish ponds – Factors to consider in pond establishment and pond management e.g., pond fertilization, liming, and desilting.
    • b. Fish harvesting and processing methods:
      • Use of drag nets, hook and line, etc.
      • Curing, sun-drying, and smoking.
      • Fishery regulations
    • c. Wildlife management:
      • Habitat conservation, feeding, domestication, harvesting, processing, and wildlife regulations.

Objectives:

9. Bee-keeping (Apiculture)

  • Topics:
    • Meaning and importance of apiculture.
    • Types of bees e.g., exotic and indigenous bees.
    • Methods of bee-keeping e.g., traditional and modern bee-keeping.
    • Equipment and safety measures in bee-keeping.
  • Objectives:
    • Candidates should be able to relate bee-keeping to economic development.
      • Differentiate between various types of bees.
      • Classify methods of bee-keeping.
      • Identify bee-keeping equipment and their uses.

10. Animal Improvement

  • Topics:
    • Methods of animal improvement e.g., introduction, breeding, quarantine, and selection.
      • Breeding systems – inbreeding, line-breeding, cross-breeding, artificial insemination.
  • Objectives:
    • Candidates should be able to give reasons for animal improvement.
      • Differentiate between the various methods of animal improvement.

SECTION D: Agriculture Economics and Extension

1. Factors of Agricultural Production

  • Topics:
    • a. Land:
      • Types of land ownership in West Africa.
    • b. Labour
    • c. Capital
    • d. Management
  • Objectives:
    • a. Understand the meaning of land and state its uses.
      • Identify the various forms of land ownership.
      • Examine the effects of land ownership on agriculture.
      • Differentiate between the various features of land and their effects on land use.
    • b. Differentiate between the types and sources of labour and their effects on agricultural production.
    • c. Compare the sources of capital and associated problems.
    • d. Determine the function of a farm manager in an agricultural enterprise.

2. Basic Economic Principles

  • Topics:
    • Demand and supply.
    • Production function:
      • Input/input, Output/output.
      • Input/output relationships; stages of production, concepts of diminishing returns, scale of preference, and choice.

Objectives:

3. Characteristic Features of Agricultural Production

  • Topics:
    • Smallness of farm holdings: biological limits of farm production and susceptibility of farm production to climate, seasonality of farm productions, price elasticity in demand and supply of agricultural produce.
  • Objectives:
    • Candidates should be able to distinguish between the common features of agricultural production and produce.
      • Compute elasticity of demand and supply.

4. Labour Management

  • Topics:
    • Labour relations: Supervision, etc.
    • Types of labour: Permanent labour, etc.
    • National labour laws and regulations.
  • Objectives:
    • Candidates should be able to identify the various ways of achieving labour efficiency.
      • Differentiate between the various types and sources of labour.
      • Apply national labour laws and regulations.

5. Farm Management

  • Topics:
    • Qualities, functions, and problems of a farm manager.
    • Records and record-keeping: Types and importance of record-keeping – livestock records, profit and loss account book.
    • Stock evaluation: gross and net profits in farm management.
    • Appreciation, depreciation, and salvage value.
    • Agricultural insurance: Meaning, importance, and types of agricultural insurance. Problems of agricultural insurance.
  • Objectives:
    • Candidates should be able to identify the qualities, functions, and problems of a farm manager.
      • Differentiate between the types of farm records.
      • Give reasons for keeping farm records.
      • Determine gross and net margins, appreciation, depreciation, and salvage value.
      • Examine the relevance of agricultural insurance.
      • Determine the appropriate agricultural insurance scheme.
      • Determine the problems associated with agricultural insurance.

6. Marketing of Agricultural Produce

  • Topics:
    • Importance of Marketing.
    • Marketing channels.
    • Characteristic features of agricultural products affecting their marketing.
  • Objectives:
    • Candidates should be able to relate demand to supply in agricultural production.
      • Interpret geographical representation of demand and supply.
      • Relate input to output.
      • Deduce economic concepts from graphic representation.

7. Agricultural Extension

 Agricultural Extension Overview: a. Defining the concept and its significance. b. Examining the pivotal roles played by Agricultural Development programs, universities, research institutes, and farmers’ organizations (Cooperative societies). c. Exploration of diverse extension methods, encompassing demonstration plots, visual aids, mass media, etc. d. Addressing challenges in agricultural extension within the West African context and proposing viable solutions.

Objectives:

  • Recognizing the significance of agricultural extension.
  • Analyzing the contributions of governmental and non-governmental entities in agricultural extension education.
  • Distinguishing among various extension methods.
  • Evaluating the obstacles faced by agricultural extension in West Africa.
  • Formulating potential solutions to overcome these challenges.

Section E: Agricultural Technology

1. Farm Surveying and Farmstead Planning: a. Understanding the essence and relevance of farm surveying. b. Identifying common surveying equipment, their uses, and proper care. c. Classifying prevalent survey methods and their practical applications. d. Grasping the principles guiding farmstead layout and design.

Objectives:

  • Examining the relevance of farm surveying in agriculture.
  • Categorizing common surveying equipment, understanding their uses, and practicing proper care.
  • Distinguishing between various survey methods and understanding their applications.
  • Applying survey principles to the design and layout of farmsteads.

2. Simple Farm Tools:

Objectives:

  • Identifying simple farm tools and comprehending their functions.
  • Utilizing and maintaining farm tools with proper safety measures.
  • Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different simple farm tools.

3. Farm Machinery and Implements: a. Differentiating types of farm machinery and implements, including machinery (e.g., tractors, milking machines) and implements (e.g., ploughs, harrows, planters). b. Understanding the uses and maintenance protocols for farm machinery and implements.

Objectives:

  • Identifying common farm machinery and implements along with their functions.
  • Classifying farm machinery and implements based on their uses.
  • Applying appropriate maintenance procedures for farm machines and implements.
  • Safely and efficiently operating farm machines and implements.

4. Mechanization and Farm Power Sources:

Topics: a. Examining various sources of farm power, such as animal, human, and machine. b. Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of agricultural mechanization. c. Investigating the challenges and potential prospects of mechanized agriculture in West Africa.

Objectives:

  • Comparing the pros and cons of different sources of farm power and their practical applications.
  • Distinguishing between the advantages and disadvantages associated with mechanization.
  • Assessing the issues and future possibilities of mechanized agriculture in West Africa and proposing viable solutions.

5. Processing and Storage:

Topics: a. Exploring traditional and modern methods of food processing (e.g., gari, rice, and groundnut processing). b. Addressing factors influencing storage, types of storage structures, and methods of preserving agricultural produce.

Objectives:

  • Recognizing the significance of agricultural processing and storage.
  • Distinguishing among various methods of processing and storing agricultural produce.
  • Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different processing and storage techniques.
  • Applying suitable processing and storage methods to agricultural produce.

6. Introduction to Biotechnology:

Topics: a. Defining basic terms in biotechnology (e.g., tissue and anther culture, in vitro fertilization, genetic engineering). b. Examining applications of biotechnology in agriculture, including crop improvement, animal breeding, disease control, etc.

Objectives:

  • Using fundamental terms in biotechnology accurately.
  • Explaining the significance and applications of biotechnology in agriculture.
  • Evaluating the benefits and risks associated with biotechnology in agriculture.

7. Application of ICT in Agriculture:

Topics: a. Understanding features of computers and communication gadgets. b. Exploring the uses of computers and communication gadgets in agriculture, such as disease and weather forecasting, ration formulation, database and simulation studies, etc. c. Assessing the challenges and opportunities presented by ICT in agriculture.

Objectives:

  • Identifying components of computers and communication gadgets.
  • Utilizing computers and communication gadgets to enhance agricultural practices.
  • Evaluating challenges and opportunities associated with the application of ICT in agriculture

8. Introduction to Agricultural Research and Statistics

Topics: a. Exploring basic concepts in planning agricultural experiments, including hypotheses, treatment, and control. b. Understanding the interpretation of results, encompassing measures of central tendency, experimental errors, and statistical tests.

Objectives:

  • Applying fundamental concepts in agricultural experiments accurately.
  • Drawing inferences from experimental results using appropriate statistical tools.
  • Computing simple measures of central tendency and experimental errors.

Recommended Texts:

  1. Adeniyi, M. O. et al (1999) “Countdown to Senior Secondary Certificate Examination Agricultural Science,” Ibadan: Evans.
  2. Akinsanmi, A. O. (2000) “Junior Secondary Agricultural Science,” UK: Longman.
  3. Akinsanmi, O. A. (2000) “Senior Secondary Agricultural Science,” UK: Longman.
  4. Anthonio, Q. B. O. (1999) “General Agriculture for West Africa,” London: George Allen.
  5. Are, L. A. et al (2010) “Comprehensive Certificate Agricultural Science for Senior Secondary School,” University Press Plc.
  6. Egbuna, C. K. et al (2014) “Extension Modern Agricultural Science for Senior Secondary Schools (2010),” Extension Publication.
  7. Emmanuel C. A. (2003) “A Dictionary of Agriculture,” Benue: Agitab Publisher Makurdi.
  8. Falusi, A. O. and Adeleye, I. O. A (2000) “Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools Books 1-3,” Ibadan: Onibonoje.
  9. Komolafe, M. F., Adegbola, A. A., Are, L. A. and Ashaye, T. I. (2004) “Agricultural Science for Senior Secondary Schools 1, 2 and 3,” Ibadan: University Press Ltd.
  10. Philips T. A. (1986) “Agricultural Notebook,” Lagos: Longman.
  11. STAN (1999) “Agricultural Science for Senior Secondary Schools,” Lagos: Longman.

I hope this proves helpful! 😊

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